首先先说明它们共同的作用:call和apply 都是用来修改函数中this的指向问题;

其次就是它们不同的传参方式:注意上一句话中说他们的作用时有两个关键词 ‘函数’和‘this’,想要修改this 的指向,那么必然有一个this修改后的指向,而函数必然后关系到传参问题:call方法可以传给该函数的参数分别作为自己的多个参数,而apply方法必须将传给该函数的参数合并成一个数组作为自己的一个参数:

eg:

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var name = 'Evan';var age = 20;var person = {    name: 'Hillary',    age: 19,    sayIntroduce: function () {        return "Hello, My name is " + this.name + " and I'm " + this.age + ' years old.'    },    sayHobby: function (val1, val2) {        return "I'm " + this.name + ", I like " + val1 + " and " + val2 + ".";    }}var person1 = {    name: 'Coy'}console.log(person.sayIntroduce()); // Hello, My name is Hillary and I'm 19 years old.

当我们通过 call 和 apply 来this的指向时,不传任何参数,则默认为将this指向修改为 windows

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// 当没有参数时,默认将this指向 window console.log(person.sayIntroduce.call()); // Hello, My name is Evan and I'm 20 years old. console.log(person.sayIntroduce.apply()); // Hello, My name is Evan and I'm 20 years old.

有参数时,this 指向第一个参数:

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// 将this指向 person1,由于person1中没有age属性,因此为 undefinedconsole.log(person.sayIntroduce.call(person1)); // Hello, My name is Coy and I'm undefined years old.console.log(person.sayIntroduce.apply(person1)); // Hello, My name is Coy and I'm undefined years old.

当需要传递参数时,call可以直接写多个参数,apply需要用数组方式传递:

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console.log(person.sayHobby.call(person1, 'swimming', 'hiking')); // I'm Coy, I like swimming and hiking.console.log(person.sayHobby.apply(person1, ['swimming', 'hiking'])); // I'm Coy, I like swimming and hiking.

下面是一个构造函数的例子:

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//构造函数应用function Grade(max, min, average) {    this.max = max;    this.min = min;    this.average = average;} function Subject(subjectName,max, min, average) {    Grade.call(this, max, min, average);    this.subjectName = subjectName;}var math = new Subject('math', 99, 60, 80);console.log(math);